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Dodge Circuit |
Electric vehicles are propelled by an electric motor (or motors)
powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several
advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs):
- Energy efficient.
Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries
to power the wheels—internal combustion engines (ICEs) only
convert 20% of the energy stored in gasoline.
-
Environmentally
friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the
power plant producing the electricity may emit them. Electricity
from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no
air pollutants.
-
Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation
and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICEs.
- Reduce energy
dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source.
EVs face significant battery-related challenges:
- Driving
range. Most EVs can
only go about 100–200 miles before recharging—gasoline
vehicles can go over 300 miles before refueling.
- Recharge time. Fully recharging
the battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours. Even a "quick charge" to 80% capacity can take 30 min.
- Battery cost: The large
battery packs are expensive and may need to be replaced one or
more times.
- Bulk & weight: Battery
packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle space.
However, researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase
driving range and decrease recharging time,
weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future
of EVs.
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